It is an important landmark for protection of the facial nerve branches. The platysma muscle may have a more sig nificant facial. See more ideas about muscle anatomy, anatomy and facial anatomy. The lopplateral overlapping plication of the platysma clinics. Can you treat minor sagging under chin without sewing. Managing platysma bands in the aging neck aesthetic surgery. Yes, we offer a submental skin excision that can tighten the area without requiring plication or sewing of the platysmal muscle. Defining the facial extent of the platysma muscle dr. Platysma muscle, innervated by the facial nerve, can be involved in synkinesis. Outer head, back of humerus above musculo spiral groove.
An axial pattern myocutaneous flap raised on the platysma muscle is a useful tool in reconstruction of cheek following surgery for trismus or malignancy and in reconstruction of lip and the pharynx. The platysma muscle flap used for intraoral reconstruction was first described in 1978 by futrell and colleagues. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Musculoskeletal system trunk, limbs, and head general statements. The platysma was most commonly innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve 38. Submental muscular medialization and suspension suspends the platysma digastric muscles to the mylohyoid muscle, and the procedure itself creates a new deeper space via lipectomy in which to accomplish this suspension, thus vastly improving the cervicomental angle. Platysma and the cervical superficial musculoaponeurotic. The platysma muscle is a muscle the runs from the upper chest and shoulder area, up through the neck, and attaches to the skin around the mouth and the lower jawbone. Anatomy of the platysma muscle request pdf researchgate. The superficial musculoaponeurotic system smas defines the fibroadipose network that connects the mimic muscles to the skin, with regional morphological structural differences sandulescu et al. Fullthickness blocks of skin, smas and platysma from seven hemifaces three male and two. Pdf transversus menti muscle in a thai cadaver musculo.
Submental muscular medialization and suspension aesthetic. Abstract platysma muscular bands are present during the aging period, generally starting. The agerelated anatomic factors that contribute to this condition are 1 cutaneous flaccidity, 2 submental and submandibular fat deposits, 3 flaccidity or rigidity of the platysma muscle in the anterior or posteriolateral portions, and 4 submandibular gland ptosis or. David rosenberg, md divisions of facial plastic surgery, departments of otolaryngology, university of chicago, chicago, illinois dr shah, and manhattan eye. Modern facelift surgery was initiated by skoog, who elevated a cervicofacial flap deep to the platysma and the superficial fascia of the face. State college of ait iagncuuure cornell zhnibersitp atijaca. Pdf development of the platysma muscle and the superficial. The mesoderm comprising each somite differentiates into three regions.
Facelift incision and superficial musculoaponeurotic. Somitomeres develop rostral to the notochord in the head. Rbcp lip reconstruction with cervical platysma muscle. Frontal no bony attachment, fibres 810 cm long fibres continue with facial muscles procerus, corrugator supercilli, orbicularis oculi bellies anteromedially blend with each other, posteriorly diverge. The superficial musculoaponeurotic system smas can be identified in primates as panniculus carnosus and in humans in layer 3. They are like somites, but smaller and less distinctly organized. In human anatomy, the levator claviculae is a very rare accessory and vestigial skeletal muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck. The platysma muscle is a wide thin sheet of muscle fibres which extend from the collar bone to the angle of. Stay connected to your students with prezi video, now in microsoft teams. The superficial musculoaponeurotic system smas can be identified in primates as panniculus carnosus and in. The fallen neck is an inevitable result of the aging process and may be frequently encountered by the aesthetic surgeon. Regional differences in the integument of the body are explained, at least in part, by differences in fascial arrangements. Platysma muscular bands are present during the aging period, generally. The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid it is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid.
It extends from the temporoparietal tp fascia to the platysma. The smas fibrous meshwork transfers facial mimic muscle contractions to the skin, producing cutaneous creases sandulescu et al. Musculo skeletal system trunk, limbs, and head general statements. Bilaterally, paraxial mesoderm become somites and somitomeres. Middle or long head, shoulder blade below socket to olecranon process of ulna. Anatomical comparison of platysmal tightening using.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the platysma muscle and the smas in human specimens at 817 weeks of development using an optical microscope. Musculo definition of musculo by medical dictionary. Kenhub learn human anatomy the fastest, most engaging. Kenhub provides extensive human anatomy learning resources spanning gross, clinical and crosssectional anatomy, histology and medical imaging. There is controversy regarding the description of the different regions of the face of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system smas and its relationship with the superficial mimetic muscles. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The objective of this paper is to show that platysma flaps have good results and should be an alternative in reconstructive surgery for oral tumors when microsurgery is not possible. If you try to tighten the skin without doing anything to the platysma muscle, you will likely get recurrent sagging in a relatively short period of time the tightened skin will be pushed back downwards by the heaviness of the muscle edges remember, skin is. In the face, where the skin is more mobile due to the action of the underlying facial muscles, fascial organisation is important for support and separation of muscle groups. This may include the hairy cervical area, and it can be used in defects of the partial or total plane of the lip 4.
Her muscular platysma bands are partially hidden because of adiposity in her medial. Our dynamic, effective and guided approach to learning anatomy is brought to you via a full anatomy atlas, indepth articles, videos and a variety of quizzes which can be tailored to your level. The anatomy of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system. Platysma is also a plant taxon synonym with podochilus, an orchid genus. Kenhub learn human anatomy the fastest, most engaging and. Multilayer fibromuscular and adipose network located deep to the dermis and superficial to the facial motor nerves 1. Submental muscular medialization and suspension suspends the platysmadigastric muscles to the mylohyoid muscle, and the procedure itself creates a new deeper space via lipectomy in which to accomplish this suspension, thus vastly improving the cervicomental angle. Surgical procedures for parotidectomy had been developed to gain adequate approach, prevent morbidity of nerve, and give esthetic satisfaction. Development of the platysma muscle and the superficial. The lateral distraction of the medial edge of the platysma muscle was measured after superficial musculoaponeurotic system smasplatysmal plication a, deepplane rhytidectomy b, and extended deepplane rhytidectomy with inferior release of the platysma and cervical retaining ligaments 3 cm below the angle of the mandible c.
It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid. View large image view hires image download powerpoint slide. This muscle chart ebook covers the following regions. D the anterior muscular edge is fixed where it arrived with strong absorbable sutures. This study describes the anatomic relationships between the external jugular vein, the greater auricular nerve and the posterosuperior border of the platysma muscle, all of which were studied through the dissection of 10 nonformalized cadavers. The superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the face. From scapula to inner tubercle of draws humerus outward and rotates backward. This ebook contains highquality illustrations and validated information about each muscle. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Five hemifacial three male and two female fullthickness tissue blocks of the skin, smas and platysma and six hemifacial three male and three female fullthickness tissue blocks of the skin, smas and mimic muscles of the upper and lower eyelid, parotideal and preparotideal midfacial, upper and lower lip and forehead regions were collected postmortem from donor bodies and postfixed in 4. Repeated voluntary contractions of the platysma reduces the wrinkles of the neck and helps in reducing the third chin. Anatomic study of the relationships between the external.
This study used bequeathed cadaver material to investigate a current model of the smas proposed by. Broad musculofibrous layer having two muscular bellies occipital and frontal. The facial platysma and its underappreciated role in lower face. The distances between the srudied structures and the fixed anatomic points such as the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the stylomastoid foramen and thyroid cartilage have not been considered in this study due to great variation regarding the cadavers longelineal or brevilineal biotype. The platysma is the most superficial muscular layer. It is a versatile, portable, and thin flap, is easy to perform, and can be obtained during neck dissection, with a primary closure of the donor site. The platysma muscle is a wide thin sheet of muscle fibres which extend from the collar bone to. Though a supernumerary muscle present in only 23% of all people, it is not an abnormality but a variant of normal human anatomy with. Crossing its upper corners outward and downward is a thready skin muscle platysma. The anatomy of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system smas.
Presto lifta facelift that preserves the retaining. Muscles are responsible for locomotion and play an important part in performing vital body functions. It originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle. Tissue distension is performed very carefully with a blunt dissector, thus respecting and protecting regional vessels and nerves 15landtheparotid duct. We performed two cases of parotidectomy through facelift incision. Five cases are presented, three men and two women, 51 and 71. Objectives to quantify the degree of submental platysmal tightening that can be accomplished with superficial musculoaponeurotic system smas plication vs deepplane rhytidectomy techniques in a cadaveric anatomical study to help dictate the need for midline platysmal surgery when using different rhytidectomy techniques methods the lateral distraction of the medial edge of the. Pdf there is controversy regarding the description of the different regions of the face of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system smas and its. Light manual traction is applied to the wire to confirm that it has. A tsur flap is defined as a platysma muscle randomized flap that can be raised from the neck as a unipedicled or bipedicled tube, depending on the size and location of the loss of substance. Platysma synkinesis in facial palsy and botulinum toxin type a.
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